1214 -The University of Oxford founded in the United Kingdom.
1800- The French authorities close al-Azhar Mosque following the assassination of General Kleber at the hands of Suleiman al-Halabi. It remained closed until the French get out of Egypt.
1837 – Queen Victoria assumes power in the United Kingdom.
1960 – Independence of Mali and Senegal declared.
Born today:
1861 – English biochemist Frederick Hopkins.
Passes away: William IV of the United Kingdom
Rasha/Mazen